Kekule: Lewis structures using lines to represent covalent bonds and showing all atoms and lone pair electronsīond-line (Skeletl-line): shows bonds between carbon atoms and heteroatoms) (with lone pair electrons when requested)Ĭondensed: all atoms are written to communicate structure without drawing any chemical bonds based on the carbon backbone There are three primary methods to communicate chemical structure of organic molecules: Some of these shorthand ways of drawing molecules give us insight into the bond angles and relative positions of atoms in the molecule, while some notations eliminate the carbon and hydrogen atoms and only indicate the heteroatoms (the atoms that are NOT carbon or hydrogen). Knowing these patterns, we can fill in the missing structural information. Shorthand notations to represent organic molecules rely on our knowledge of common neutral bonding patterns. Note: The review of general chemistry in sections 1.3 - 1.6 is integrated into the above Learning Objective for organic chemistry in sections 1.7 and 1.8. The goal is to have your viewers’ eyes travel to a certain point of your image, regardless of the angle you choose.\)ĭraw, interpret, and convert between Lewis (Kekule), Condensed, and Bond-line Structures A simple brick wall can make for a great source of great angles if you shoot from the right perspective. Leading lines can be found everywhere, whether inside or outside. Get creative and have fun with it and you are sure to come up with some interesting shots. These are all ways to switch up the direction your eyes view using one source of angle. You can shoot them standing up, from above, or get down on the ground and shoot from below. You can take the same subjects and have them stand along the side of the bridge and shoot from an angle. You can move them back farther from the camera and lead to them (in front of them). You could place your subjects dead center of the bridge at the front of your frame, close to camera, and let the lines run behind them. You can get multiple interesting shots using one source of lines. When looking for angles to use in your images, try shooting them from different viewpoints and elevation. Adding them below or above your subject gives the viewers’ eyes a unique direction to go. Remember that they can be straight, curvy, zig zag shaped, circular, etc. But you can also find lines by looking up or down. We typically try to use things behind our subjects as backgrounds. Often times, you can find lines by looking in directions you typically wouldn’t look to as a photographer. They can leave your viewer’s curious about what is behind the scenes, which automatically gives them more interest. Things such as a winding path, trail or curvy road give your photos a sense of there being more to the story than what we see. They can also be found in more curved shapes. Leading lines don’t have to go straight ahead in your images. Placing your subject(s) directly along the path of the lines is a great way to add space or depth in front of your subject. These images show leading lines that draw the eye straight ahead. They lead the viewers’ eye to a particular part of an image which gives the photo more interest. They can be found on bridges, roadways, architectural structures, and many other objects around us. Leading lines can really add a lot of depth and dimension to your images. Leading lines are a line or multiple lines, in a variety of shapes and patterns, that lead the viewer’s eyes in a specific direction.
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